Predation is known to have a significant effect on life history diversification in a variety of species.However, physical constraints of body shape and size can sometimes limit life history divergence.We test this idea in the Costa Rican livebearing fish Alfaro cultratus.Individuals in this species have a narrow body and keeled ventral surface, and
Background and Objectives : In this study, we evaluate LITCIT software for its application as a thermal simulation software for superficial hair removal laser systems.Materials and Methods: Two articles were used as our references.Complete information regarding the tissues, such as sword plaque optical/thermal properties and geometrical modeling an
In 2022, the global commercial surrogacy industry was valued at approximately US$14 billion.This paper explores the issue of surrogacy to reveal how international human rights standards and labor laws treat reproduction as work, building on previous scholarship analyzing similar framing at the grassroots level in Mexico.I argue that the failure to
The rock chip information (shape, size, and particle size distribution) Push Button Switch could comprehensively reflect the characteristics of rock mass and rock-breaking efficiency of TBM.This study is aimed at defining a novel index (effective rock-breaking ratio, Pr) to identify the rock-breaking efficiency of TBM based on the rock chip informa